"They are most common found in shallow lagoons and reef flats, and are typically embedded in sandy substrates or those composed of coral rubble."
animaldiversity.org
"giant clams live on shallow reef flats down to depths of around 66 feet (20 m). "
www.montereybayaquarium.org
"Found living on the surface of reefs or sand, or partly embedded in coral, the small giant clam occupies well-lit areas, due to its symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae"
en.m.wikipedia.org
So to summarise the documented natural habitat of giant clam wrt placment
- They live in shallow waters and lagoon reefs
- They like high light, hence they live in shallow and coral reef
Personally I think for home aquariums bottom placment is better for long term success ,IF, you have enough light.
I have a clam that been in my systems for 10 years and bit smaller than basketball size. It used to be 1/3 size when I got it 10 years ago. I also have 2nd one for 3 years just as healthy... They both on bottom in the same, happy and content.
If you have rock structure to support it go for it, it's just not easy finding such support structure in aquariums...at least mine.
My clam triple in size and if I have "glued" it to a rock or put putty on it to force it to be somewhere on the rock it would have died for sure by now..
My 2 cents