OK, here is my assessment of what happened. I can't say for sure, but this seems reasonable:
1) This all started with me feeding 6 cuttles a fair amount of large shrimp.
2) Everything was fine a couple of months, but this feeding regiment used up the biopellets more quickly than I was accustom to, so I did not notice they had depleted quickly (I was used to check the biopellet reactor every 3 months).
3) A contributing factor is that my biopellet reactor is somewhat opaque (to protect the pellets from algae growth), but it means I cannot casually notice the biopellet level and must use a flashlight to check it
4) This caused the nitrate spike (40ppm)
5) This caused the Xenia to wither in a couple of days
6) I noticed the low biopellets and topped them off
7) With the Xenia nutrients in the tank, this caused the bacterial bloom
8) In the past, these cleared up quickly, but this bloom cause the Anthelia to also start to decay which kept the bloom active for 12 days
9) I finally added the UV filter to kill the bloom
10) All of the dead bacteria gunked up the return pump which frozen during the night at some point.
11) This finally got me to admit the Anthelia was not going to bounce back, so I removed it from the tank (and it smelled very bad).
12) Now the tank is clear again and everything seems almost back to normal, but I will need to keep and eye on it. (I have been changing the carbon every couple of days and the skimmer is still over active).
I still will stay with the biopellets as it is a very low maintenance way of dosing carbon and keeping nitrates and phosphates in check. The moral of this story is the same advice anyone who has been in the hobby for any length of time will tell you: stay on top of your parameters and don't get behind in preventative maintenance. If I had just been keeping the biopellet level where it needed to be, none of this would have happened.